Water is essential to life. It is inherently linked to healthy, thriving ecosystems and communities, and holds spiritual significance to First Nations and Land-Connected people around the world. Water is also an essential resource for our operations, enabling safe access to ore bodies and processing of ore to provide the materials the world needs.

As water is a finite shared resource, responsible water stewardship is linked to our success. Protecting water helps keep it available and clean for the ecosystems and communities that depend on it. It also supports stable and sustainable operations for the long term. Efficiently managing water is more important than ever, with more extreme, and disrupted, weather patterns happening.

Our Environment Standards outline the minimum requirements for all of our managed assets. These standards include our position and commitment to responsible water management and environmental stewardship. Learn more about our approach to environmental commitments, governance, risk, assurance, performance and targets.

Managing water risks

Managing water safely and responsibly is an important part of how we run our business. Our water risk framework is designed to ensure that water management is both operationally effective and strategically aligned with our environmental commitments and stakeholder expectations. Water is also incorporated within the principal environment risk we track at a corporate level.

As we operate in many different places and climates, each of our sites face different water challenges. To manage water impacts across our portfolio, we have developed a water risk framework and associated control library to consistently identify, assess, manage and communicate water risk. This risk framework is embedded in our assets’ approach to operational risk management. It covers 4 categories:

  • Water resources (issues relating to water withdrawals for supply purposes) “is there enough water available for both environment and community needs, and our operational use?”.
  • Water quality and quantity (issues relating to excess surface water management, discharges or seepage) “does the way we manage water on site, or discharge excess water, cause environmental impacts or operational constraints?”.
  • Dewatering (issues relating to groundwater withdrawals to achieve safe mining conditions) “does the removal of water from the operational areas of our sites impact regional aquifers or our mine plans?”.
  • Long-term obligation (long-term considerations on categories 1-3) “do our operational activities generate long-term or ongoing obligations relating to water”.

We use the framework to assess risk across our portfolio and we share asset-level data from this assessment in our Sustainability Fact Book. This information reflects our commitment to transparency as it goes beyond regulatory reporting requirements to enable visibility of the variety of risks we manage. A summary of our 2025 risk profile is also in our Annual Report.

We recognise our role in contributing to responsible water management at a catchment scale. This is embedded in the way we apply our water risk framework in consideration of both internal and external potential impact. It is also reflected in our commitment to supporting effective regulation, and through the partnerships and initiatives we support and value.

Several of our assets are located in catchments with concentrated industrial development, and we participate in programs that aim to improve how cumulative impacts are understood or managed at a catchment scale. For example, in Gladstone, Australia, we take part in Regional Environmental Monitoring. And in the Pilbara, Australia we’ve established monitoring partnerships with other proponents.. In other areas we manage regional scale infrastructure and strive to maintain open and collaborative engagement with catchment stakeholders. For example, Nechako Valley in British Columbia, and Saguenay Lac-St-Jean in Quebec).

  • Water resource

    Our aluminium operations in Gladstone, Queensland, Australia, are supplied with water from Awoonga Dam. Water restrictions could be imposed on the supply in the event of a persistent drought. The water resource risk for these operations is assessed as high.

  • Quantity and quality

    Our ilmenite mine near Havre-Saint-Pierre, in Quebec, Canada is surrounded by ecologically and socially significant lakes and water features. The quality and quantity risk for HSP mine is assessed as high and excess water from the mine needs to be carefully managed. To ensure water is released to the environment at a suitable quality, we are working on a multi-year water management improvement project.

  • Dewatering

    Impacts associated with dewatering and water supply activities in the Pilbara are recognised as a very high risk for our business. Returning water to the aquifers impacted by our mining activities in a controlled manner is the focus of a number of studies. We are working with Traditional Owners on water management.

  • Long-term obligations

    We may sometimes generate impacts that we are required to manage over the long term, such as post-closure pit lakes in the Pilbara, or potential seepage from our waste rock or tailings facilities in our aluminium and copper sites. Our systems and standards aim to ensure that risks are identified early and managed appropriately and responsibly throughout the asset lifecycle.

Water interfaces with many disciplines, and we are careful to align and integrate our approach with how we manage water and tailings facilities, communities and social performance. and closure.

Climate change and water stress

A group of workers wearing safety gear walk along a metal bridge structure over a body of water, with dense green forest in the background. The bridge has railings and appears to be part of an industrial facility. Another worker is visible in the foreground, partially out of focus.

Water stressed catchments

While our approach to water risk management is primarily based on local knowledge and data, we also reference external global information sources such as the World Resources Institute’s (WRI)
More

Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas to:

  • understand broader trends in catchment water stress
  • guide aspects of our annual reporting.

We use the WRI data and take a forward view, analysing water stress based on projected 2030 conditions, incorporating allowances for climate change. Asset-level ratings for 2030 water stress and associated performance data for our 9 water stressed assets (ranked high or above) is provided as part of our annual Sustainability Fact Book.

Based on our analysis of the WRI Aqueduct 2030 water stress assessment, there are 16 assets (23%) where 2030 water stress is rated as high or above. This includes our operating sites and development projects. Excluding projects, there 11 assets (19%) where 2030 water stress is rated as high or above. This includes 5 mines (Kennecott, Oyu Tolgoi, Hope Downs, Dampier Salt, Boron) and 4 facilities (an aluminium facility in Strathcona, Canada; a distribution centre in Europe; a port in Wilmington, USA; and a metals facility in Suzhou, China).

Rio Tinto Climate and Water Seminar

Water and climate change

Climate change is amplifying water risks through variability in rainfall, extreme weather events, and pressure on catchments. We integrate climate risk and resilience into our water planning to maintain a reliable supply for our operations and communities while protecting ecosystems and reducing environmental impacts.
More

Our approach includes:

  • Scenario modelling and forecasting to anticipate climate-driven water challenges.
  • Catchment-scale planning to balance industrial, environmental, and cultural needs.
  • Investment in adaptive infrastructure and technologies to improve efficiency and resilience.
  • Collaboration with stakeholders to embed traditional knowledge and strengthen shared governance.
  • Incorporating WRI 2030 water stress projections.
  • wave

Our performance

Sustainability reporting

View our interactive charts for current and historical data relating to our performance across air, biodiversity, land, materials and water.

Performance trends

Targets

We’ve maintained water targets for more than 20 years. Our most recent water target program covered the period 2019-2023 and comprised one company-wide target and 6 site based targets. For information about the previous water targets refer to our 2023 Annual Report. Our new suite of nature SIPs incorporates targets relating to water.

While we recognise that company-wide water efficiency targets can contribute to positive outcomes, and we have set and completed such targets in the past, our modern target program follows a different approach. We aim to promote context-based improvements through meaningful engagement with our stakeholders, enabled by transparency and data disclosure. This reflects the complexity and local nature of water management issues.

Find out more information about our nature targets program and Site Improvement Plans.

Water stories

placeholder
Water management at Diavik

Making water management clearer

Our new online platform gives a transparent view of our surface water use
Water droplet

Solving water

A low-carbon way to make fresh water
Reusable bottle

The rise of reusable water bottles

Ever wondered what keeps your water ice-cold on a scorching day? In our podcast, Things You Can’t Live Without, writer, actress and TV host, Alie Ward reveals her surprising must-have – a reusable cup that keeps her water icy even in the LA heat.

Respecting rights

We share water with first nations peoples, local communities and ecosystems surrounding our operations, and therefore need to avoid permanent impacts on water resources including lakes, streams and groundwater aquifers. We do this by carefully tracking the quality and quantity of water managed by our operations and balancing our water needs with that of our stakeholders.

Employees at Richards Bay Minerals
Scenic road

Partnership

Our strategic water partnerships are fundamental to the effective management of water in and around our operations. We partner with many governments, communities and organisations to grow our understanding of catchment-scale water characteristics and the various uses and pressures on water resources that we share, including climate change.

Innovation

We are focused on finding better ways™ to manage water more efficiently and effectively. Our water framework and strategy help us focus effort on the biggest opportunities for improvement, and we have ongoing studies working on our greatest water challenges so that our operations may be more sustainable and productive. We also partner with research institutions and universities to solve complex water problems contributing to innovations in science, technology and engineering.
Innovation banner
  • wave

Transparency

We are among the most transparent in the industry regarding our water stewardship. On 22 March 2023 we disclosed our operations' surface water allocation, latest annual water usage and the associated average catchment rainfall runoff, as well as a 5-year view on historical annual water usage. The information is available through an interactive platform, searchable by location, operation or project.

With catchments recognised as a proxy for community and environment interdependencies, our disclosure is a platform to expand our foundation of trust with our stakeholders, further develop our understanding of cumulative and indirect catchment impacts and align with our commitment to the ICMM water position statement.

We are committed to building on this disclosure, including information about groundwater withdrawals and the receiving environment through our nature target program.